University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the UK. The date of its Foundation is not known precisely. The most ancient traces of activity teaching at Oxford datefrom 1116 about with the arrival of the Rector Thibaud d ' Étampes. The University actually really began to develop from 1167, when Henri II banned English students tofollow the courses of the University of Paris.
It hosts nearly 22,000 students, which are divided into 38 colleges and 6 PermanentPrivate Halls (religious endowments).
Most of them settled in beautiful old buildings in the heart of the old town of Oxford (see: Christ Church, Merton College, Magdalen College, University College, New College). It is especially the Gothic style which dominates and which gave to the university town its nickname of "city of dreamy spires", while the Cathedral Christ Church (12th – 15th centuries) and the Church of Saint Peter in the East (12th century) belong largely to the Norman novel. The façade of Queen's College, shows the classicism and there are examples of modernist architecture (e.g., St. Catherine's College).
The square Radcliffe is on the Radcliffe Camera (1747), which houses a reading room of the Bodleian, one of the richest libraries of the world library. The Bodleian is one of the libraries of legal deposit of the United Kingdom who receive, a copy of every book published in the United Kingdom.
The Ashmolean Museum, founded in 1659, is the oldest Museum in the United Kingdom; its Department of Antiquities including retains the Chronicle of Paros, the death mask of Olivier Cromwell, and parts brought from Knossos by John and Arthur Evans. The Museum also contains drawings by Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, paintings by Piero di Cosimo, John Constable, Claude Lorraine, and Pablo Picasso, and Arab clothes worn by Lawrence of Arabia.
Oxford is a very large school from the middle of the thirteenth century, members ofmany religious orders, especially of Dominicans, Franciscans, carmelites and des augustins, settled in Oxford, develop their influence and founded homes for students. At the same time, private benefactors established communities of studies called colleges. Among the former, can appoint William of Durham, which probably founded University College in 1249, and Jean de Bailleul, father of John of Scotland, which gives its name to Balliol College. Another founder, Walter de Merton (en), Lord Chancellor and Bishop of Rochester, then designed a series of regulations for life in college.Thus Merton College became the model for such establishments at well Oxford to Cambridge University. Then, an increasing number of students gave life in the halls and houses held by the orders to join colleges.
The new teachings of the renaissance greatly influenced Oxford from the end of thefifteenth century. Among the professors of the University of this period include William Grocyn, who contributed to the revival of the Greek language and John Colet, remarkable biblical theologian. With the arrival of the reformation and the break withthe Roman Catholic Church, Catholic recusants took refuge in continental Europe, especially in the University of Douai. Despite losses of income and land among the University-related institutions [why?], the teaching method passes of Scholasticism to humanism.
In 1605, Oxford is still a walled city, but many colleges are built outside the walls. (North is located at the bottom of the map.)
In 1636, Chancellor William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury codified the University statutes in a form which will remain largely unchanged until the mid-19th century. Laud is also at the origin of the Charter defining the rights of Oxford University Press and makes a significant contribution to the Bodleian, the main library of the University Librar

